Editing techniques and rule

Editing techniques and rules

The 180 rule- When you film a scene using separate shots, it’s important that people understand where everything in the scene is. You can use the 180 degree rule, together with looking space and eyeliner match, to help them. Imagine you’re looking at a scene from the side. You can see the whole scene. If you look at one character, they are on the left hand side of the scene facing right. The other character is on the right side of the scene facing left. You could just show your scene in long shot, but that would mean we couldn’t see facial expressions, or details of what characters are doing, very well. It would also be quite boring because the camera position doesn’t change.

Shot reverse shot- 4. Shot Reverse Shot is a continuity editing technique used in conversations or simply characters looking at each other or objects. A shot showing what the character is supposedly looking at (either a point of view or over the shoulder shot) is followed by a reverse angle shot of the character themselves looking at it, or of the other character looking back at them, for example. Shot reverse shot often ties in with the 180° rule to retain continuity by not distorting the audience’s sense of location of the characters in the shots. Shot reverse shot in 28 Days Later

The 30 degree rule- The 30 degree rule is rule used in filmmaking with the purpose of creating continuity between different shots within a larger sequence of shots. It should also be noted that the 30 degree rule isn’t a scientific standard. Many filmmakers use an “anything more than a 10 degree change in angle” while others say no less than 25 degrees. However, a 25 to 30 degree minimum change in angle seems to be the agreed upon norm. When moving your camera between shots the camera should be moved a minimum of 25 to 30 degrees (with a maximum limit of 180 degrees) to avoid jarring transitions also known as jump cuts. This helps you seamlessly piece together a larger sequence of shots in a harmonious manner. Between shots you can change your camera’s depth, perspective and angle. All of these changes should be motivated by your story and flow with the pacing of your film or documentary. You’ll need to think both about the artistry of each shot and what the camera is trying to communicate but you’ll also need to think about the technical fundamentals of each change in position.

Match on action- Match on action occurs when an action that begins in one shot is continued or completed in the next. In an exterior shot Julia Roberts opens the front door to a house. In the next shot the camera, now indoors, photographs her entering the foyer and closing the door.

Rule of thirds- The basic principle behind the rule of thirds is to imagine breaking an image down into thirds (both horizontally and vertically) so that you have 9 parts. As follows.

The rule of thirds 1 As you’re taking an image you would have done this in your mind through your viewfinder or in the LCD display that you use to frame your shot. With this grid in mind the ‘rule of thirds’ now identifies four important parts of the image that you should consider placing points of interest in as you frame your image. Not only this – but it also gives you four ‘lines’ that are also useful positions for elements in your photo.

The rule of thirds 2 The theory is that if you place points of interest in the intersections or along the lines that your photo becomes more balanced and will enable a viewer of the image to interact with it more naturally. Studies have shown that when viewing images that people’s eyes usually go to one of the intersection points most naturally rather than the centre of the shot – using the rule of thirds works with this natural way of viewing an image rather than working against it. Continuity- Cutting to continuity involves taking out all the inessential moments in a conventional action. Editing takes out the dead, boring moments in a film. Imagine having to watch all 31 miles of celluloid shot for Lawrence of Arabia! When James Bond travels from London to The Bahamas, do you really want to watch the whole trip: snoring for eight hours on the plane, brushing his teeth in the airport bathroom, renting an Aston Martin at Avis, and so on? Cutting to continuity just includes Bond's leaving M's office, boarding a plane, leaving the Jamaica airport, and driving his car down an ocean-side road. All this activity takes just a few seconds.

Brainstorming ideas for our film

This shows our different ideas for our film we decided to go with our second idea which was inspired via an article we found online, we also took different elements from each category as we trialled and tested different ideas for our film.

Location Research

Location research

For our location we decided we need an open rural area that is a likely place for teenagers to either walk through or hang around in, therefore we concluded a park would be an ideal space for our protagonist to be walking through on her way our or home. We liked the idea of Gibraltar rec, which is a local park near to our school it was easy for our group to meet and was a typical place teenagers would go to regularly in the summer – this was our first issue with using the park as we would be filming mid Jan beginning of February so not as many teenagers would be in the park as its cold and wet mostly. We then decided the alley next to our school was a key location as it was also easy to get to and was an in closed space which could emphasise feeling trapped and like our teenage protagonist is being stalked. Also the alley is full of bushes and trees making the light concealed more and giving our stalker places to hide from the teenager whilst she’s suspects that someone is following her.

We went to the alley to take pictures and plan how we were going to film and hid our stalker away from people, we took pictures of the alley -

These are just some of the pictures we took, we took them during our free periods at school. Due to this being in the middle of the day, the lighting is very bright, however, to ensure that we lighting is dark and dim which is the typical lighting of a horror genre we will film at about 4/5pm when it starts getting dark. By having dark lighting we create tension as it’s typical of a horror genre. Usually dark lighting would make the audience feel uneasy as they will feel that the protagonist is vulnerable in the dark and this would engage them in the opening.  After going to our main location, we found many benefits of making it the location we are going to use in our film as it is perfect for the effect were looking to give.

Research Table

In this research we found that remote and abandoned places are the scariest places to film, so therefore we chose to film in an alleyway which is quite remote and so therefore will coincide with the research. The alleyway is also very convenient and it goes with our storyline as the girl is leaving school and there is an alleyway right next to our school therefore we can show the girl leaving school and walking through the alley way. Over a half of people we asked answered that they like horror films including a group of teenagers, however we still decided to use a girl teenager as the main character as it would be this is crucial for our opening, the rest of the film will include a group of teenagers searching for the girl after she has been abducted. Most people answered that they find supernatural horror films most scary, we considered making a supernatural opening however we thought it would be very hard to do this without professional equipment that are used at real film studios. Therefore in our opening we decided to use a realistic story which could happen to anyone, we hope that this will make our audience scared and play on their minds.

Mood Board Horror

each of these images represent individual ideas that all combine to make the basis of our film. the outline of our horror film is a girl getting stalked in her local park and she notices she's being followed until her final suspected abduction as we are leaving our film on a cliff hanger. the images of the young girls, show the element of either being stalked without realisation or being kidnapped. our first idea was to use a van however due to that being a difficult prop to use, we chose the local train station and will be using the train as a prop - when the train pulls away the girl  disappears leaving ther ending on an enigma code. the images we looked for parks had a dark twist to them, making what seems like an innocent play ground for children have a more sinister spin. we chose a park because there easy to access not always busy which makes it have a more realistic feel - as something like this could happen.

at the end of our short film we also want to show a short clip of our 'victim' in a dark isolated area who is terrified of he abductor, we think this will create tension and suspense but also build on the enigma code and leave everyone curious and wanting to know more. - that's why we have used the pictures of the dark basements and ropes.

Woman in Black Target Audience

Woman In Black

the woman in black was more popular with the male gender as 60% of males watched it compared to 40% this could be because the main protagonist Daniel Radcliffe  is male therefore meaning they relate more,there was two most popular categories.

According to the research above, age range of people that watch horror films is 15-24 and 25-34 therefore we need to appeal to this age group by including content they like and makes them scared such as kidnap of a school girl as it is something that could happen to anyone. 

The highest percentage of people who watched this film was the DE class which are the unemployed and the AB class which is the upper class. Therefore, we will need to consider using a recognisable suburban setting to appeal to both demographics. 

More men watch horror films than women according to the research above; therefore, we may include some attractive female characters to attract the men's attention according to the 'Male Gaze Theory.' Also, we will include stereotypical male characters to appeal to the female audience. 

The House At The End Of The Street Target Audience

The House At The End Of The Street

the most popular category that people watched this film was between 15-24 the gender was split 50/50 not making it specific which the main which could allude to having two main characters being late teens or early adults. having younger protagonist would relate to the target audience of 15-24. C2 was the most popular category which is manual labourers and have more active working jobs such as scaffolder or cleaner, 

Conjuring Target Audience

Conjuring

The  most popular age group that watch the conjuring where between 15-24,the most popular gender was Female at 54% compared to males which was 46%. suggesting females watch it more leading us to decide we need to make sure our film targets young males and females however we could have a female protagonist to appeal to women more. also we could make them between 15-24 to make them relatable to the target audience.the demographic of the audience was typically C1 which is supervisory clerical and junior managerial,administrative,professional occupations.

Film institutions Major 6

Film Institutions 'the big 6'

Warner Bros

Warner Bros is an American entertainment company, a division of Time Warner, headquartered in Burbank, California. Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. it was founded in April 4, 1923; 93 years ago(official incorporation; film productions goes back as far as 1918). Warner bros are commonly known for their cartoons such as loonie tunes which were made in 1930-33. Until 1969 Characters such as Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, tweety bird and Porky Pig became central to the company's image in subsequent decades. Bugs in particular remains a mascot to Warner Bros.in recent years Warner bros have been producing more sci-fi action films with superheroes such as suicide squad, the dark knight.

Walt Disney

Walt Disney Pictures is an American film production company and a division of Walt Disney Studios, owned by The Walt Disney Company. The division is based at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It took on its current name in 1983. Walt Disney Pictures is classified as one of Hollywood's "big six" film studios. It was founded on October 16, 1923; 93 years ago. Disney produce family friendly films such as Cinderella, the jungle book and finding nemo. Disney only used to make animated films but in recent years they have started making films with real actors as characters on screen rather than just behind a microphone in a studio.

Universal

 Universal was founded in 1912 by 10 founders, it is the oldest surviving film studio in the United States but in the world it’s fourth. It’s a part of the big six film studios. Universal studios is also known as universal studios and it’s owned by comcast.Universal owned the rights to Oswald the lucky rabbit character, although Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks had created Oswald. they create films from all different genres for example pitch perfect, minions,ted and the visit these are all 2015 films and are all for different target groups this shows they company is very versatile.

20th Century Fox

20th Century Fox is a member of the motion picture association of America In 2015, 20th Century Fox celebrated its 80th anniversary as a studio. The studio was founded on May 31, 1935 81 years ago, this was done by merger. it also part of the big six film institutions, they also make a wide variety of films such as avatar, dead pool, trolls, the sound of music and star wars.

Columbia

The studio, originally founded in 1918 as "Cohn-Brandt-Cohn Film Sales" by brothers Jack and Harry Cohn and Jack's best friend Joe Brandt, released its first feature film in August 1922. It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924 and went public two years later. The name is derived from "Columbia", a national personification of the United States, which is used as the studio's logo. In its early years a minor player in Hollywood, Columbia began to grow in the late 1920s, spurred by a successful association with director Frank Capra. It's the world's fifth largest major film studio. Its currently under the operation of Sony entertainment they primarily distribute their films under the Columbia label as its better known.

 Paramount Studios

Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio, television production company and motion picture distributor, consistently ranked as one of the "Big Six" film studios of Hollywood. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving film studio in the world and the second oldest surviving film studio in the United States. It was founded May 8, 1912; 104 years ago. Paramount is responsible for sci-fi franchises such as star trek and transformers. As Well as releasing comedies and action films.

18 certificate film

18 rated Film

 these films are rated an 18 because the material is seen as a breach of the criminal law or has been created through the commission of a criminal offense. also its rated an 18 because the material or treatment appear to risk harm to individuals via their behaviour and society. for example the detailed portrayal of dangerous or violent,sexual violence drug use look appealing therefore these portrayals may cause the audience to find this way of living exciting etc.often 18 rated films have more explicit images of sexual activity - also sex work films may be accessible to younger viewers. where sex material genuinely seeks to inform and educate in the matters such as human sexuality or safer sex and health, explicit images of sexual activity may be permitted. sex works primary purpose is sexual arousal or stimulation. sex works contains only material which may be stimulated generally passed 18. sex works containing clear images of real sex, strong fetish material,sexuallt explicit animated images, or other very strong sexual images will be confined to the R18 category. 

U certificate film

U Rated Film

U Universal –  means Suitable for all

A U film should be suitable for audiences aged 4 and above, although its impossible to predict whether this will upset the child. these films should be set in a positive framework and offer reassuring counter balances to violence. If the film is particularly aimed at primary school children certain language and behaviour is seen as unacceptable. The overall outcome should be reassuring to the child.

12A certificate film

12A Rated Films

Films classified 12A and video works classified 12 contain material that is not generally suitable for children aged under 12. No one younger than 12 can go and  see a 12A film in a cinema unless accompanied by an adult. Discriminatory language or behaviour must not be countersigned by the work as a whole. Aggressive discriminatory language or behaviour is unlikely to be acceptable unless clearly condemned. Misuse of drugs must be infrequent and should not be glamorised or give instructional detail as younger children may be influenced. No endorsement of anti-social behaviour. There may be moderate language. Strong language may be permitted, depending on the manner in which it is used, who is using the language, its frequency within the work as a whole and any special contextual justification. There may be nudity, but in a sexual context it must be brief and discreet. Sexual activity may be briefly and discreetly portrayed. Moderate sex references are permitted, but frequent crude references are unlikely to be acceptable. Sexual violence may only be implied or briefly and discreetly indicated, and its depiction must be justified by context.

PG Certificate Film

PG Rated Films 

General viewing, but some scenes may be unsuitable for young children A PG film should not unsettle a child aged around eight or older. Unaccompanied children of any age may watch, but parents are advised to consider whether the content may upset younger, or more sensitive, children.Discriminatory language or behaviour is unlikely to be acceptable unless clearly disapproved of, or in an educational or historical context, or in a particularly dated work with no likely appeal to children. Discrimination by a character with whom children can readily identify is unlikely to be acceptable. References to illegal drugs or drug misuse must be innocuous or carry a suitable anti-drug message. No detail of potentially dangerous behaviour which young children are likely to copy, if that behaviour is presented as safe or fun. No glamorisation of realistic or easily accessible weapons such as knives. No focus on anti-social behaviour which young children are likely to copy. Mild bad language only. Aggressive or very frequent use of mild bad language may result in a work being passed at a higher category.There may be nudity with no sexual context. Sex Sexual activity may be implied, but should be discreet and infrequent. Mild sex references and innuendo only.Frightening sequences or situations where characters are in danger should not be prolonged or intense. Fantasy settings may be a mitigating factor.Violence will usually be mild. However there may be moderate violence, without detail, if justified by its context (for example, history, comedy or fantasy).

15 film Certificate

15 - Film Certificate

when a film is rated 15, it is so no one under the age of 15 is allowed to watch this film. These films tend to include more sexual encounters, swearing and more gore and horror. this certificate is taken more seriously as these sort of films are aimed at an adult audience therefore not attempting to target the younger audience. films aimed at a teenage audience cut out a lot of violence in order to appeal to a wider audience. certain films such as the hungers games cut out 7 scenes of violence so that they could target their film at teenagers. 15 is a good rating to make a film at because it attracts a range of audience as can include a level of gore and a fair amount of swearing and violence which therefore make it more realistic. Also by attracting the older generation they are the people with the money therefore paying to watch or buying the film.

Insidious opening scene - Horror Genre

Insidious opening scene - Horror Genre

insidious opens with a dark screen instantly allowing us to see what genre it's from, horror all in the same shot in the centre of the screen a lantern begins to move up the screen with faint thin writing in the lantern in the background there is slow music that gets louder throughout the opening scene to set the scary tone the lantern begins to rotate at a slow pace until it becomes the light from the ceiling in the boys bedroom (Josh). Still in the same tracking shot from the start we see a young boy sleeping, the setting around him is dark quite plain with only slight light shining through his window and night light. the camera angle is above the boy making us as the audience feel superior to him, this could suggest we are an entity following him around the house. the camera angle gets lower so we are inline with josh this has an added effect of fear because its as if we are creeping around like somethings wrong,whilst non diegetic music begins to get louder and more high pitched string music creating a sense of panic. we pass a grandfather clock in the hallway the setting is still relatively dark so we can only just make out the detail around the clock. the pace of the tracking shot begins to pick up and we pass a window with old fashioned floral curtains which makes the audience think that this part of the film was set in a different time, also there's a thin blind down therefore allowing us the see a dark shadow outline of a women as the camera shot moves closer to the women she slowly slides away. the tracking shot picks up even more pace and turns the corner slowing the audience a a small dark face in the shadows holding a candle close to its demonic face the camera shot is a extreme close up shot however because the setting is dark we can only just about see slight details on the woman's face. until the screen goes black.

The Conjuring 2 opening scene - horror genre

The Conjuring 2 opening scene - horror genre

In the opening scene of the conjuring 2 the first shot is a establishing shot. This shot shows the neighbour and characters surroundings, which contains a lot of mist and fog which gives off a fear and the unknown effect. Another camera shot which is used to show everything she is doing in the house while setting the scene. Close up shot is used in this opening scene to focus on her eyes to show her emotions during this scene, which is mostly fear. They use low angle when something bad is happening such as someone killing someone, which also shows that the murderer has more power because they are looking down on them. The camera zooms in and out on the characters face when she realises something and shows her emotions clearer which suggests to the audience what is going to happen.

The costumes the characters are wearing in this opening scene are all quite old fashioned pieces of clothing which shows the audience that the film is set in the past. The ‘demon’ in this opening scene is wearing a nun outfit which a usual character for a demon in horror films, therefore it shows the audience that the film is going to scary and contain things that all horror films contains. The props suggest danger and death, such as the gun and all the blood the scene contains. The setting of this scene is in a old house which suggests it would be creepy because old houses are known to be places where bad stuff would happen and ghosts would be.

At the very start of the opening clip you can see that the lighting is kept low in order to help make it appear darker, which gives the audience connotations of evil and sinister situations. I think that the directors and will want to have achieved this because the main narrative of the film is evil/sinister due to its relation to spirits and ghosts. A secondary interpretation of how this low lighting could be conceived by the audience is to show a clear differentiation between the lady's dream and real life after she wakes up.

Towards the end of the opening scene, the picture fades in to a colour that you would recreate using wet teabags in primary school, before fading to black. This colour gives connotations of old-fashioned times, which again relates to this idea of death and spirits.

A nightmare on elm street opening scene - Horror Genre

A nightmare on elm street opening scene - Horror Genre

In the opening scene we see the original mysterious pair of hands constructing the famous finger knives a brilliantly original take on the standard hack and slash maniac cliche. during the glove construction the film opens with key musical elements the tapping to enter the fear of visible pain, they also use high pitched drones and deep thumping drones also known as diegetic noise as the audience are supposed to hear. also we can hear heavy breathing of Freddy Kruger to make the audience feel uncomfortable and tense The opening sequence begins with the use of Mise en scene, heavy footsteps made by boots  and baggy trousers walking in, the audience just hear heavy breathing this instantly creates suspense and builds mystery for the audience as we don’t see who the footsteps belong to or where they came from or their purpose. The mise en scene created is dark and low lighted again creating suspicion and the audience are led through a dark and dirty workshop or garage it appears. It continues to build mystery as the figure begins searching through something this is seen by an Ariel shot and reaches for razor blades. The dietetic sound of metal clanging is apparent and the music peaks at this stage which suggest metal may have later significance. This figure again unable to see the face is covering himself with a baggy long sleeve jumper as the audience believe he may be trying to hide something with himself.  There is a close up of a dirty hand reaching for the glove it there is a continued close up as the person tests the sharpness of the razor blades, when he tears the material using the blade there is an minimalist growling sound which creates a serous, inhumane tone. They also contrast the darkness with the light and link light to fear and pain as the girl is shown in the light looking petrified and disoriented also the fact shes lost in the light could suggest death or isolation where her nightmares are being controlled and manipulated by Freddy Kruger. the long shot of thew victim running is effective because it only outlines her fragile shape as if she is a shadow possibly foreshadowing her later death in the film.the water dripping from the pipes simulates rain - pathetic fallacy as shes running in terror and confusing suggest something bad is about to happen. the digetic sound of a bang is emphasises by a close up shot shot of the young girls facial expression showing fear. the darkness and the sound effects link together to create typical conventions of a horror as they compliment each other to create fear for the victim as she is being chased in her dreams.

The Shining opening analysis - horror Genre

The Shining openning scene - horror Genre

The establishing shot, sets the scene and creates a tone of isolation in a cut off area which makes the audiences feel uneasy and foreshadows that something will happen due to the sinister feel the isolated area is giving off. One long shot in showing the audience the surrounding nature filled areas which juxtaposes the beauty of nature with the sinister music. The camera then cuts to a high angle shot – on a hill side again very isolated. The camera is following one lone car, which emphasises the emptiness. By the camera filming at a tilted angle is makes the audience feel on edge or even like they are the sinister ‘thing’ stalking this car as the angle filmed at relates to tilting of a head creating suspense. An extreme wide shot showing the mountain range in the background gives us the impression that it’s going to be a  cold and dark sinister film – these are all common conventions to horror. throughout the clip the colours gradually get darker foreshadowing that nature is not always safe and peaceful but may be something more sinister. also implies the film is going to get weirder as it progresses.using bright blue titles juxtaposes with the genre of the film as blue is related to peace and tranquillity yet its used to make the audience feel unsettled and disturbed.The music played in the background begins to have a higher tone and unnatural rhythm- the higher notes sound like screams and metal either cutting or hitting something. the unknown noises also sound extraterrestrial possibly suggesting alien/explainable goings on. also by only having instrumental theme tune it creates tension and builds anticipation about what is going to happen,creating an over whelming atmosphere.The constant following of the car suggests to the audience that it plays a key focus.

Cabin in the woods opening - Horror Genre

Cabin in the woods opening - Horror Genre 

The film opens with the institution animated lionsgate this shows the insides of a machine all working together and rotating this is dark colours like red and copper which turns from red and fades to black, blood starts seeping over pages revealing old egyption images, loud string music with percussion plays. the first credit appears and the camera continues to pan around the page and its pictures at a fast pace. more credits begin to appear across the screen telling us the name of director and companies that produced the film.

Extreme rapid pan to a modern day sign, the third shot is a medium shot cut to two men having a conversation with background elevator music (diegetic sound). the camera angle changes into a different angle of the two men showing different views following the 180 degree rule. continuing casual conversation with sound effects of money in the machine and coffee cup. the first man exits ans the other follows, sound of a women on the overhead speaker. cut to a long shot of an office cut to camera moving as the two men walk down the corridor in the background noise of a busy office at work cut to long shot of office and back to the two men and a female character joins them. again there is a cut to long shot of corridor as the three walk walk down the side on the left and back to the mid shot of them. then a long shot of a large room as the three enter in the distance wile other workers continue and the three speak the camera pans and follow the three as the two men get on a vehicle, woman is concerned about the two men's work then the camera goes back to the long shot of the large room as the men drive off cut to mid shot of men driving, camera is on the vehicle looking at the two sound effects of the vehicle driving.

Very sudden sound effect of screaming and brass instrument as big red bold letters appear with the title ' the cabin in the woods ' as the shot freezes and the scream holds out.

Codes and Conventions 'Coming Of age Genre'

Codes and Conventions  Coming Of age Genre

Bildungsroman  the main character (protagonist) following their journey  from child to and adult.

shows them grow up and turn from immature to mature or becoming less naive reasons for their change may vary,sudden death in the family,suffered an injustice, they may be in pain or suffering, they become in their world a sort of hero. For example in  mean girls katy moves from africa to america and is shown to be a outsider until the popular girl groups leader regina george takes her under her wing and creates a monster.

A Bildungsroman is a genre concerned with the education and maturing of a young protagonist. It follows the moral and psychological development of their character.

"The Novel of Formation as Genre"

-A Bildungsroman is, most generally, the story of a single individual's growth and development within the context of a defined social order. The growth process, at its roots a quest story, has been described as both "an apprenticeship to life" and a "search for meaningful existence within society."

 -To spur the hero or heroine on to their journey,they must suffer some form of tragedy which could differ from leaving town, losing a loved one etc. and this will deter them from their family

-The process of maturity is long and gradual, consisting of repeated clashes between the protagonist's needs and desires, and the views and judgments enforced by social order.

-the film or novel will usually end in the protagonist reevaluating  their place in society and how far they've come since the beginning.

Spectre opening scene analyis

Spectre

The opening starts with a black screen and white writing - the white contrasts with the black making it stand out,it also gives the film a professional look.The next shot is a close up shot of a skeleton from a parade the skeleton has a dark hat and a cigarette which has connotations of dark and mysterious characters and gives a sinister feel to the film. the tracking shot follows the skeleton until we see the bright and colourful setting mainly the crowd are in dark and neutral colours to represent the dead. the music in the background is upbeat as if celebrating for the festival however it also gives the audience an element of anticipation as its a Bond film nothing is unpredictable. The camera still all in one shot begins to follow a man and a women dressed in fancy dress, the male looks dominate as if he has a hold over the women as shes following him.They walk through a hotel  against the genuine flow of the crowd. the music changes to a more chilled upbeat rhythm that makes the audience question what is about to happen. the male and female step into the lift the women still looks up to the male as his got a hold over her - making ther audience question there relationship as its starting to look  a bit one sided. The characters clothes also contrast with each other as the female character is wearing some colour in comparison to the male who is wearing just black and white which may suggest to the audience he is a dark guarded character and his actions may be unpredictable. Also both characters are masked therefore us as an audience cannot tell who they are which leaves the audience with an enigma code - and builds suspense as the audience want to find out who these mysterious characters are. 

 The male and Female characters begin to get closer in an close up shot, whilst in the lift they show a key possible for a room as the audience can sense sexual tension between the two characters - as they face each other before leaving the lift. the door is dark brown and looks old fashioned suggesting they may be in an exotic country with traditional values. the room is also old fashioned complementing the rest of the hotel.

the male and female characters un mask each other allowing the audience to see the male figure is James Bond with one of his many 'famous' temptresses. whilst the music still plays in the background they share a passionate kiss which suggests to the audience that something deeper may be happening between the male and female characters. The women begins to lure Mr Bond to the bed - but to her surprise he leaves out the window which implies excitement and action.

The Notebook - Opening Of Romance Genre

The Notebook - Opening Of Romance Genre

 the opening scene shows a peaceful landscape with the sun setting,the sun set strikes us as the most important as it is shown with only black trees and scenery making them fade into the background. the opening shot is a long shot which lets us focus on the setting and the mood its trying to create. there is also non-diegetic piano music playing the background which is slow and creates a sad theme. the second shot is a medium shot which focuses on the rower in the lake using shallow focus - although we can still only see the shadow of the rower it begins to make the scene feel more personal as we start to follow the rower ' on there journey' this emotion is created through the third shot which is a tracking shot at a low angle making the rower look superior to us as the audience. the fourth shot is an extreme long shot as we can only just make out the rower again using shallow focus by colours as the black contrasts with the orange/red. Rowing is a cliche throughout the film as Noah is a keen rower and uses rowing to release anger and for pleasure so by opening with a rower looking lost and alone complimented by slow sad music could by foreshadowing a sad ending to the film. As the opening continues the scenery and footage starts to become more realistic allowing us to see more small features e.g. the birds flying and grass blowing in the wind also the rowing boat becomes slightly clearer, this prop is shown at the beginning to replicate the romance genre as place like Venice are known for having romantic river journeys on the gondoliers therefore we instantly and stereo typically relate them to romance. the white house shown in a long shot shown at a low angle making it look important also by the house being white it adds a clinical effect implying this is possibly a retirement home or an institution for the unwell. The birds in a flock fly toward it elegantly to the music by the rower, this begins an enigma code as we as the audience become curious as why the rower relates to the house and why they are going there. We now see a women standing at her window watching the rower suggesting this could be part of her imagination or her having a flashback of her past or someone in her life who meant great importance, leading the audience to think she may miss this part of her life or the person symbolised through the rower.

Angus Thongs and Perfect Snogging Opening Analysis

The Coming Of Age Genre -  Angus Thongs And Perfect Snogging

The film opens with non diegetic up beat music to reflect the humour of the protagonists (Georgia) Halloween costume therefore sets the mood of a tragic teenage girls dramatic life whilst growing up into what she thinks is an adult. the first shot is a close up shot in a car, showing a father talking to his daughter also known as a two shot showing the relationship between the characters as they are bickering about dropping Georgia off to the Halloween party whilst shes dressed as stuffed olive which adds further humour to the scene. the second shot is a medium shot at a high angle making the protagonist look weak and vulnerable as shes seen to have not followed the dress code, also all the other characters are staring at her to further show she is the odd one out leaving her embarrassed whilst the rest of the room whisper about her costume (diegetic sound ) followed by laughing from what the audience can place as the school bully the camera shots are switching from Georgia and the bully whilst the laughter is going on showing the whole rooms emotions as they continue to make fun of her. Georgia is then followed by a tracking shot as she approaches her friends, shes made to look superior to them as they all have their heads down as they know they've let her down. the non diegetic music then picks up to up beat music which is ironic due to Georgia being angry and storming away from her friends this shot is a tracking shot following Georgia as she runs in frustration this could be foreshadowing more 'tragic' events in Georgia's life struggling as a teenager who wants to be cool and find the perfect boyfriend.

Action Genre - Spiderman 2

Action Genre - Spider Man 2

The opening scene opens with a tracking shot following him through New York, it’s a high angles close up shot making him look superior to us – as he is a heroic protagonist. Being in the city is a conventional setting of the action/sci-fi genre because they are always busy and full of all types of people and crisis. As spider man has super-abilities like super strength and spider-like abilities these help him fight crime throughout the city whilst the police fail to catch the criminals. These are all generic conventions of a superhero fantasy film. The first shot is a tracking shot which follows him up to the point of his phone call with Gwen, as well as the shot non-diegetic music is mixed with the diegetic sound of the traffic and spider man’s web-shooters to add excitement tension and a bit of realism to something that isn’t a common everyday event.

It becomes clear what genre the film is soon on as there is a clear villain group and its clear Spiderman is the heroic protagonist – action and adventure genre. When the villain is introduced via a loose medium shot his on a rampage throughout the city in a van causing chaos in New York. The opening scene is powerfully engaging as it builds tension and sets the pace throughout the film with fast-paced shots.

Romance Codes and Conventions

Romance Codes and Conventions

Typically romance films are usually aimed at a female audience, from the age of about 12 and onwards they have a 12-15 certificate to maximise the audience. Romance films generally include sexuality, status, gender and relationships that either break or become difficult at some point in the film. The narrative is falling in love, dating and kissing etc. sometimes a voice over is used to start the theme of love. Stereotypically the main characters are good looking but also programs like my mad fat diary have broken this stereotype. The setting usually is urban environment, a beach or school etc., these are typically places where things like this would happen. In a romance opening its deemed much of the setting will be shown from wide shots showing characters and much of the setting and area behind them.


Sounds

Diegetic and non-diegetic sounds are just as important as any other film, as it helps to set the mood and atmosphere of the film.  Romances usually would start with piano guitar or violin instruments. Sad films would use string music like a violin. Stereotypically in the beginning of a romance opening the music is merely in the background as usually the characters are narrating and speaking during the first few minutes of the film.

Conventions of Romance

The majority of romantic novels follow a similar structure of girl and boy meeting, then there’s a dilemma which by the end is solved. This is a successfully proven formula that attracts audiences of both female and male demographics. The protagonist is usually vulnerable, shy or socially awkward, which could be due to some disturbing problem in there life. For example they have an attraction but can’t be together due to some sort of social divide stopping their love. A love triangle is a theme that is found in many romantic movies, with the object of affection engaged to someone they don't love, or an ex-lover wanting revenge on the lead.  There are many sub genres for romance and romantic comedy being the most popular for example ‘just go with it’ is a good example of this, as its popular with a almost universal audience. Teen romances have distinct clichés, such as the jock and cheerleader characters, and many romances are set around a particular situation, such as a wedding or a party. Other romances can span years, such as The Notebook.

Action Genre - 'Spectre' Conventions

Action Genre - Spectre Conventions 

Mise-En-Scene

-Giant Skeleton walks through crowd with cigarette in mouth.

-Everyone is dressed up to celebrate the festival.

-Festivals being used as a disguise.
-Pulls out a gun from backpack.
-Buildings used for ‘ parkour’.
-Starts with a black scene and writing.
-Bright colours juxtaposing the death festival.



Sound

-Up beat non diegetic sound suggesting everyone is happy and celebrating the festival although they are unaware of the upcoming violence.
-Music changes to a slower more romantic song.



Camera/Editing

-Close up shot of skeleton.

-Medium shot of crowd.

-The cameras following them through the crowd.

-The same camera angle is used through the majority of the clip – effect.

Action Genre - Spectre Opening Scene

Action Genre - Spectre Opening Scene